Summer Burn Update

Yesterday, I found myself at one of the two prairies where we conducted a summer prescribed fire back on July 20 of this year. The burn was nearly four weeks ago, and it was fun to look at the regrowth. Cattle have had access to the 45 acre burned patch (and the surrounding 450 acres), but grazing pressure has been surprisingly light, mostly because they are also focusing their grazing on a nearby burn conducted back in early May. I’ll admit I’m surprised they haven’t switched more to the recent burn. That’s one of the joys of working with grazers – they aren’t always completely predictable.

I didn’t have a lot of time to explore, but I managed to get a few photos. Some of you expressed an interest in seeing updates after my first post about these fires, so this will be a quick first update. We’re still in a drought here, and the week after the summer fires, we had a long week of temperatures close to 100 degrees F. Things got pretty crispy out in the grassland that week. Shortly after, though, we got some nice rains and those have helped perk up our prairies – both burned and unburned.

This photo shows unburned prairie in the foreground, the mowed firebreak behind that, and the July 20 burn in the background (top left). The prairie has had cattle in it since April, but grazing pressure has focused mostly on a spring burn to the east of this area.

The site shown here is a remnant (unplowed) prairie, but it had lost a lot of its plant diversity by the time The Nature Conservancy acquired it in the early 2000s. In particular, it was missing a lot of summer wildflowers. Sedges, rushes, and some early-season wildflowers (including violets for regal fritillary butterflies) were in pretty good shape. Through time, we’ve added back some of the missing summer flower species by broadcasting seeds after prescribed burns within a patch-burn grazing context. Most of the flowers seen in the above photo are a result of that overseeding.

This photo shows the area burned on July 20. The dark stems are mostly perennial sunflowers and goldenrods, and you can see some of the regrowth underneath them. Many other plant species are present too, but were more completely consumed by the fire.

Most of the plants coming back after the fire are perennials and are growing from buds at their bases, or on rhizomes. We haven’t seen a lot of germination of seeds in the seed bank. That’s not unexpected, especially in a dry year, though I anticipate seeing at least some germination or ‘weedy’ broad-leaved plants later this fall and next spring.

Not all the re-growing plants are natives. Smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass are also coming on, and will benefit from the fire’s suppression of big bluestem, switchgrass, and other warm-season grasses. That’s where grazing should come in handy. Cattle are normally drawn strongly to that fresh growth and, if so, will keep those invasive grasses from gaining a competitive edge.

Here’s a close-up of one small patch of prairie, showing Maximilian sunflower, white prairie clover, wild bergamot, whorled milkweed, and big bluestem, among other species.

Next year, cattle will probably focus significant grazing on this summer burn. They’ll have access to it all season, at least based on current plans. That’ll provide habitat for animals that require short habitat and/or bare ground. It will also favor opportunistic plants that are good at filling in space when normally-dominant plants are being suppressed. Following next year, those dominant plants (perennial grasses and wildflowers) will regain their status as grazers shift their attention elsewhere.

In other news, there were a lot of monarchs around this week, including at the prairie featured here. I saw at least a dozen of them while I was driving in and out of the site. I stopped and watched one lay eggs on some whorled milkweed. I even got out and checked a plant to make sure that’s what she’d been doing. Sure enough – there was an egg right where I saw her put it. Later in the day, I stopped at our family prairie on the way home and found a little caterpillar on a common milkweed plant. Those eggs and that caterpillar should end up in Mexico this fall if all goes well for them.

Well, the eggs and caterpillars won’t go to Mexico. It’ll be the adult butterflies they turn into. You know what I meant.

Anyway, that’s my quick update on one of our summer burns. The other one is also looking good but I haven’t stopped to photograph it yet. That burn is in a restored prairie (former crop field). After that week of hot temperatures, all the prairie outside the burn turned brown – the loss of organic matter during farming reduces water holding capacity in the soil. However, the burned area stayed vibrant and green. The rest of the prairie looks a little better after our recent rains, but the burned area is still starkly more verdant than its surroundings. Is that ecologically significant? I don’t know, but it’s pretty.

Photos of the Week – August 13, 2023

Another weekend, another long trail race for Kim.

This time, we were back at Wilson Lake in central Kansas for a 50K race. Kim was mainly using it as a training run for a 100K race later this fall, but still managed to finish 3rd among women. It didn’t look like a particularly enjoyable training run to me (hot and humid), but that’s probably why I take photos for fun and she runs crazy long distances. I think we were both satisfied with the results of the day as we drove home, though she seemed a little more fatigued for whatever reason.

Sphinx moth feeding on clammy-weed (Polanisia dodecandra).
A tiny sweat bee (top right) on clammy-weed.
Clammy-weed was in full bloom and in big patches. This one was growing out of what looked like bare rock.

The race started after sunrise, so by the time Kim and the other runners headed off into the humidity and hills, the light was already a little too bright for good photos. I hung out and watched World Cup soccer on my phone for a while. A few hours later, some thin clouds appeared and provided nice diffused light for close-up photos. It seemed silly not to take advantage of that.

The breeze was just a little stronger than I wanted for wildflower photography and not quite strong enough to make the runners happy. The runners had to live with it, but I had a mitigation strategy. I headed for some rock outcroppings, figuring that at least the rocks (and anything sitting on them) wouldn’t be waving around in the wind.

Scattered rocks in a sandy substrate in one of many rock outcrop areas. I thought they were pretty. Also, they seemed unaffected by the breeze.

While walking toward the rocks, I came across flowers and insects that were a little tricky, but not impossible to photograph in a breeze. It was fun being enough south of my usual prairies to see some different species – as well as a lot of familiar ones in a different setting. The trick, of course, is to know which species are the same as the ones I know and which are just similar enough to fool me.

I’ve been to Wilson Lake often enough in recent years that I’m starting to get familiar with the species at the site. Of course, that also puts me in that realm of ‘knowing enough to be dangerous.” I won’t be offended by any corrections made to my tentative identifications in this post.

A leaf-footed bug that I believe is in the Tribe Chariesterini. It’s a leaf-footed bug, but has the swollen ‘leaf’ structure on its antennae instead of its legs, like most other leaf-footed bugs. Don’t blame the bug – it didn’t come up with that name.
A grasshopper. I think it’s a fuzzy olive-green grasshopper. That’s the official common name, not just a description of what it looks like. It is, though, fuzzy, and kind of olive-green. It might be a completely different species, though. There are a lot of grasshopper species out there.
A dainty sulphur on a wildflower I didn’t recognize. I saw hundreds of these little buggers, mostly near rock outcrops. They’re much smaller than other sulphur butterflies around here, so that makes them pretty easy to identify. Unless I’m wrong, which is always possible with insect ID.
This robberfly was feeding on a sweat bee of some kind. The sweat bee seemed beyond caring that it had been (probably) snagged out of the air as it left one flower and headed toward the next.
I watched this mound-building ant drag this yucca seed toward its nest. It was working really hard to do it, but I don’t know how it thought the seed was going to fit through the tunnel entrance.

I didn’t wander too far from the aid station because I wanted to be sure I was on duty when Kim came by for ice, water, food, etc. The closest rock outcroppings were just off one of the roads around the lake. That was fine except that I could feel the eyes of drivers on me as I laid prone on the ground, trying to photograph ants, tiger beetles, and other friends. I tried to move enough to show passersby I wasn’t dead, just eccentric.

I think this is a ‘punctured tiger beetle’ (Cicindela punctulata). It’s a really common species, so it’s kind of like guessing ‘red-tailed hawk’ when you see a hawk and it isn’t obviously a different species.
Buffalo bur (Solanum rostratum). Did you know they’re buzz-pollinated? They’re also very spiny.

My biggest success of the day was that I finally found and photographed the collared lizards Kim sees regularly but I’d not yet found during our Wilson Lake trips. I’m not sure why this was the day, but once I saw the first one, I saw quite a few. Most of the time, of course, I’d spot them because they were scurrying away and diving under rocks. Fortunately, Kim was running for a long time and I had plenty of time to wait them out. There were several instances when I just set up my camera near where I’d seen a lizard dive into cover. Then I sat patiently until it emerged back into the light.

I took a lot of lizard photos. Who knows when I’ll see another collared lizard, after all? They’re sure not around my neighborhood at home.

An eastern collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). I’m not sure what was going on with sand clumps hanging from its eyes.
Another shot of the same lizard.
Another collared lizard.
Yet another collared lizard.
A collared lizard hiding under a rock.
One more collared lizard.
A different lizard altogether. This one is a six-lined racerunner. The image is a little soft because I was shooting through layers of vegetation. As I pushed closer, the lizard took off. They’re very fast.
Lichens. Pretty, right?
Cudweed grasshoppers are extraordinarily well-camouflaged on their favorite food – cudweed sagewort (Artemisia ludoviciana). There may or may not be one in this photo.

As I walked through the prairie, grasshoppers flew like popping popcorn away from my feet and cicadas buzzed loudly from perches and while escaping my approach. As always, most didn’t stick around to be photographed, but because my heart is true and I have a friendly face, a few allowed me a few moments with them. Then they promptly fled for their lives.

This might be a prairie dog day cicada (Neotibicen auriferus). On the other hand, it might not. I’m often wrong when I try to identify cicadas.
See above. But I do think this might be a bush cicada (Megatibicen dorsatus). The good news is that the photo shows so little of the cicada, maybe no one will be able to prove me wrong.
An exoskeleton of a cicada. I’m not even going to guess the species.

By the time Kim finished running, I was hot, sweaty, and ready to go home. So was Kim, I guess. The cicadas, grasshoppers and sphinx moths seemed unfazed. We left them to carry on without us.