A Prairie Ecologist Holiday Reading List

If you’re like me, this period just before and after the New Year provides a good opportunity to enjoy some quality reading time.  Maybe you’ve already got a stack of books or list or blog posts you’re waiting to read.  If not, maybe I can help.

Here is a selection of some of my favorite blog posts from The Prairie Ecologist dating back to 2010.  If you’ve only recently found this blog, some of the older posts may be brand new to you.  If you’ve been here since the beginning, maybe these will stoke some old ideas or just be fun to read again.

For your convenience, I’ve split these into five categories: Species profiles, conservation science, prairie management, prairie restoration, and humor/photography.  If you have a favorite post that didn’t make the list, you can add it by leaving a comment below with the name or link to the post.

Species Profiles

1. One of the most viewed posts I’ve ever written was about the mutualistic relationship between the yucca plant and the yucca moth.  It is a fascinating story of interdependence in nature.

The relationship between the yucca moth and yucca plant is one of the most fascinating in nature.

The relationship between the yucca moth and yucca plant is one of the most fascinating in nature.

2.  The camouflaged inchworm is my favorite insect.  How could you not love an inchworm that camouflages itself with bits of the flowers it eats?

3. Knowing how many crazy things have to happen to pollinate milkweed flowers makes you wonder how it ever happens at all.

4. The sora is a bird that has quite a reputation for being able to hide in wetlands.  I found out one big reason it might be so good at that.

5. The lower portions of thistle flowers seem to be death traps for many insects, even while the upper portions provide a bonanza of nectar and pollen.

Conservation Science

1. Resilience is a word that gets a lot of play these days – in multiple settings.  Ecologically speaking, though, resilience may be the key to survival for ecosystems such as prairies.  Read about what defines ecological resilience and how it applies to grasslands.

2. Invasive plants are a major challenge for prairie ecologists.  We can’t stop them all, so we have to prioritize.  One big step in that process is coming to terms with the idea that not all exotic plants are invasive.

3. Conservationists are always looking for indicator species that can help us decide how our conservation work is going.  Unfortunately, I think we rely much too heavily on birds as indicators because they are really not that useful in that role – at least in prairies.

4. Prescribed fire is a very important tool for prairie conservation (as well as the conservation of many other ecosystems).  However, with all the smoke created by prairie fires, are we causing more problems than we’re solving – especially related to global warming?  When you look at the facts, the answer seems to be no.

Prescribed fire is an important prairie management tool and shouldn't be blamed for contributing to climate change.

Prescribed fire is an important prairie management tool and shouldn’t be blamed for contributing to climate change.

Prairie Management

1. Keeping prairies healthy and diverse relies on diverse management that maintains habitat and growing conditions for as many species as possible.  Unfortunately, our human nature tends to work against us sometimes, including a tendency to manage for what I call “Calendar Prairies.” 

2. Many management strategies that work well in large prairies just aren’t feasible in smaller ones.  How should we manage those small prairies?

3. Here is some fascinating evidence of the interconnectedness of prairies and impacts from management treatments that link fire, cattle, mice, and prairie clover.

Prairie Restoration

1. Too many people think of prairie restoration as recreating something that used to exist – like restoring an historic building to help preserve the past.  There is certainly value in that, but we also have the opportunity to create prairie in a way that rebuilds the ecological function of grassland landscapes.

2. Prior to writing the above essay, I laid out a more specific set of ideas about how prairie restoration can help us rebuild fragmented landscapes.

Humor/Photography

1. Many of my attempts to photograph wildlife turn out to be relatively humorous adventures.  My attempt to photograph prairie dogs not far from my house, for example, turned out to be kind of a fiasco.  A second attempt at a different location resulted in better photographs, but was also good fodder for some laughs.

2. A porcupine sitting in a short tree in beautiful evening light seems like a prime opportunity for some great photographs.  But only if the porcupine is cooperative

3. In one post, I shared some information about one of my favorite techniques for photographing small creatures in my backyard.  It requires one very important piece of equipment: a wheelbarrow.  It’s a good thing my neighbors can’t see me (I hope!).

4. We have lots of river otter use in our Platte River Prairies.  Guess how many I’ve seen?

Timelapse Snapshots

One of the great features of timelapse photography is the ability to compress time and see patterns or changes in the landscape we’d otherwise miss (such as daily groundwater fluctuations due to evapotranspiration).  However, another benefit of timelapse photography is simply the regular documentation of what’s happening in front of the camera.  For example, as I’ve been going through the thousands of images from the timelapse cameras on our Derr Wetland restoration project, I’ve been pleased to see a variety of wildlife species captured in those photographs.  Since we spent a lot of time and money converting this sandpit lake to shallow wetland habitat, it’s nice to see it being used.  The cameras have also captured more than just wildlife…

I thought I’d share some of the more interesting individual photographs I’ve found from the timelapse images.  These have been variously cropped to narrow in on the portion of the scene that’s most pertinent.  There are actually two cameras (set up so they can be combined into panoramic images – more on that in a later post) so don’t be confused if the scene appears to be different between photographs.

12:06pm.  February 25, 2013.  Canada geese and mallards are among the many migratory water birds that visited the wetland.  The heaviest use seems to be during the northward migration in late winter/early spring.

February 25, 2013.  12:06 pm.
Canada geese and mallards are among the many migratory water birds that visited the wetland. The heaviest use comes during the northward migration in late winter/early spring.

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9am.  March 3, 2013.  Three white-tailed deer pass through the wetland with a group of mallards in the background.

March 3, 2013.  9am.
Three white-tailed deer pass through the wetland with a group of mallards in the background.

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June 9, 2013.  11:36 am. Two bald eagles, one mature and one immature, sit on the edge of the water.  This may be part of the family raised in a nest about a mile to the north of this wetland.

June 9, 2013. 11:36 am.
Two bald eagles, one mature and one immature, stand on the edge of the water. This may be part of the family that nested about a mile to the north of this wetland.

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June 5, 2013.  9:50pm. Great blue herons are very frequent visitors to the wetland.  This one was taking advantage of the last light of the day.

June 5, 2013. 9:50pm.
Great blue herons are very frequent visitors to the wetland. This one was taking advantage of the last light of the day.

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June 4, 2013.  8:46 pm.   There are a number of nice sunset photos, especially in June, when the sun was actually setting in front of the camera (which is facing north/northwest).

June 4, 2013. 8:46 pm.
There have been a number of nice sunset photos, especially in June, when the sun is actually setting in front of this camera (which faces north/northwest).

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June 15, 2013.  6:33 am. Break out!  These calves found their way out of our pasture to the south and went for an early morning exploration.  They were eventually rounded up and returned.

June 15, 2013. 6:33 am.
Break out! These calves found their way out of our pasture to the south and went for an early morning exploration. They were eventually rounded up and returned.

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June 13, 2013.  9:54 am.  Our land steward, Nelson Winkel, is releasing beetles to help us control the invasive purple loosestrife plants that have gained a foothold on the site.

June 13, 2013. 9:54 am.
The camera documented our land steward, Nelson Winkel, releasing Galerucella beetles to help us control the invasive purple loosestrife plants that have gained a foothold on the site.

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(Top) March 26, 2013.  4:45 pm.   (Bottom) March 26, 2013.  5:15 pm. These two photos, taken a half hour apart, show two of us preparing to burn off the small island in the restored wetland and then the completed burn.  (It doesn't take very long when the island is surrounded by water and sand).

(Top) March 26, 2013. 4:45 pm.
(Bottom) March 26, 2013. 5:15 pm.
These two photos, taken a half hour apart, show Nelson and I preparing to burn off the small island in the restored wetland (top), and then the completed burn (bottom).  It doesn’t take very long when the island is surrounded by water and sand.

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September 23, 2013.  8:27 am.  Anne Stine, one of our Hubbard Fellows was working in the wetland this day.  She was either pulling loosestrife plants or harvesting seeds, I'm not sure which.

September 23, 2013. 8:27 am. Anne Stine, one of our Hubbard Fellows was working in the wetland this day. She was pulling purple loosestrife plants as we tried to remove new plants before they bloomed and set seed.

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October 4, 2013.  11:16 am. Even I got caught by the camera.  Here I am, taking a mid-day break to take photographs.

October 4, 2013. 11:16 am.
Hey look!  A prairie ecologist taking a mid-day photography break.

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May 26, 2013.  8:36 pm. This is my favorite image, so far, from the timelapse cameras.

May 26, 2013. 8:36 pm.
So far, I think this is my favorite from the timelapse cameras.

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Thanks to Michael Forsberg and Jeff Dale for helping set up and maintain the twin timelapse cameras on this site, and to Steven Speicher for helping with data storage and advice.  Photos shown here were taken with Canon EOS Rebel T2i cameras with 18mm lenses.  They are inside weatherproof housings, charged by solar panels, and operated by electronic controllers designed by Jeff.  Since these cameras were installed, Mike, Jeff and others formed Moonshell Media to design and install cameras like these for others.  They are also key players in the Platte Basin Timelapse project.